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forced migration review

# Episode Title Description People Date
501 Creative Commons FMR 48 - Frozen displacement: Kashmiri Pandits in India In the 1990s nearly 250,000 people were displaced by violence in India. More than 20 years later the question for them is whether the responses to their displacement so far can form the basis for long-term solutions for their protracted displacement. Mahima Thussu 03 Jun 2015
502 Creative Commons FMR 48 - Public policy to address displacement in Mexico At hearings of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in November 2013 on the human rights situation in Mexico, the issue of the internally displaced in particular caught my attention. José Ramón Cossío Díaz 03 Jun 2015
503 Creative Commons FMR 48 - Reflections from the encampment decision in the High Court of Kenya Civil society groups are embracing a recent victory in the High Court of Kenya as a reminder of the important role that strategic litigation can play in the enforcement and promotion of refugee rights. Anna Wirth 03 Jun 2015
504 Creative Commons FMR Innovation and Refugees - Humanitarian innovation, humanitarian renewal? The continued evolution of the humanitarian innovation concept needs a critical engagement with how this agenda interacts with previous and contemporary attempts to improve humanitarian action. Kristin Bergtora Sandvik 12 Jan 2015
505 Creative Commons FMR Innovation and Refugees - Innovation and new ways of working across sectors Humanitarian actors will have to adapt to a changing world but it will not be easy or straightforward. Operations are changing as a result of innovations which bring many improvements but also throw up challenges. Erik Abild 12 Jan 2015
506 Creative Commons FMR Innovation and Refugees - Innovation for equity in Lebanon Innovative approaches in Lebanon aim to address, in two very different ways, the particular needs of the most vulnerable among the refugee and host populations. Luciano Calestini 12 Jan 2015
507 Creative Commons FMR Innovation and Refugees - Innovation and refugee livelihoods: a historical perspective It is difficult to speak convincingly of ‘new’ or innovative practices towards refugees, especially in refugee livelihoods assistance, while there remains a significant gap in historical knowledge and institutional memory. Evan Elise Easton-Calabria 12 Jan 2015
508 Creative Commons FMR Innovation and Refugees - Entrepreneurship and innovation by refugees in Uganda In order to make a living, refugees have to be innovative, and refugees in Uganda have contributed tremendously to entrepreneurship and innovation in the country. Robert Hakiza 08 Dec 2014
509 Creative Commons FMR Innovation and Refugees - Resettlement and livelihoods innovation in the US Conversations with multiple stakeholders in the US help to highlight barriers to economic self-sufficiency for resettled refugees and opportunities for innovative approaches. Faith Nibbs 08 Dec 2014
510 Creative Commons FMR Innovation and Refugees - UNHCR Ideas: an online platform for change ‘UNHCR Ideas’ aims to enable collaborative problem solving and idea generation among an online community. Alice Bosley 08 Dec 2014
511 Creative Commons FMR Innovation and Refugees - Technology, production and partnership innovation in Uganda Since 2007 a partnership between UNHCR, the Government of Uganda and ‘MakaPads’ inventor Moses Musaazi has helped provide affordable sanitary pads for thousands of refugee girls and women. Moses Musaazi 08 Dec 2014
512 Creative Commons FMR Innovation and Refugees - Learning curves and collaboration in reconceiving refugee settlements A collaboration between UNHCR, Ennead Architects and Stanford University uses settlement design to promote innovation and further development in the refugee protection model but collaborators initially face a steep learning curve. Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar, Aparna Surendra 02 Dec 2014
513 Creative Commons FMR Innovation and Refugees - Innovation: what, why and how for a UN organisation The purpose of innovation is to make humanitarian work more effective and more reflective. We do innovation to improve human lives by doing things better. Innovation, for UNHCR, is a humanitarian imperative to be carried out with partners. T Alexander Aleinikoff 02 Dec 2014
514 Creative Commons FMR Innovation and Refugees - Introduction: refugees and innovation Doing innovation well presents challenges for how we can work better together as organisations and with displaced people, and how we can break down traditional barriers between actors – all while upholding ethical principles and protection standards. Alexander Betts 02 Dec 2014
515 Creative Commons FMR Innovation and Refugees - From the editors From the editors Marion Couldrey, Maurice Herson 02 Dec 2014
516 Creative Commons FMR 47 Mobility as a solution Not all those who have gone to Syria's neighbours are registered, nor do all of these people regard themselves as refugees Lucas Oesch 02 Dec 2014
517 Creative Commons FMR 47 How the crisis is altering women’s roles in Syria The significance of women as both distributors and recipients has been pivotal to the implementation of humanitarian assistance but also points to the burgeoning of a new social dynamic that has come about as a result of the upheaval caused by the war. Zerene Haddad 02 Dec 2014
518 Creative Commons FMR 47 The inside story: internal displacement in Syria With IDPs currently constituting two-thirds of those uprooted by the conflict, the ‘inside story’ of displacement in Syria requires much greater attention. Erin Mooney 02 Dec 2014
519 Creative Commons FMR 47 The mental health of Syrian refugee children and adolescents Mental health services can be key to restoring basic psychological functioning and to supporting resilience and positive coping strategies for children, adolescents and adults. Leah James, Annie Sovcik, Ferdinand Garoff, Reem Abbasi 02 Dec 2014
520 Creative Commons FMR 47 The vulnerability of Palestinian refugees from Syria While Syrian nationals may eventually return to their home country, the future for Palestinians from Syria is increasingly uncertain. Meanwhile they are more vulnerable, and treated worse, than most other refugees from the Syrian conflict. Leah Morrison 02 Dec 2014
521 Creative Commons FMR 47 The impact of displacement on disabled, injured and older Syrian refugees In contexts of displacement it is critical to recognise that some groups in the population may require specific attention. Awareness of these needs has major consequences for the types of services required, and the way they are delivered. Marcus Skinner 02 Dec 2014
522 Creative Commons FMR 47 Gender, conscription and protection, and the war in Syria The struggles endured by men who remain inside Syria and the obstacles faced by others who choose to remove themselves from the fighting by fleeing the country demonstrate a need to redefine classic conceptions of vulnerability. Rochelle Davis, Abbie Taylor, Emma Murphy 02 Dec 2014
523 Creative Commons FMR 47 If Israel accepted Syrian refugees and IDPs in the Golan Heights Could re-opening the Golan Heights to Syrians displaced by the conflict be a beneficial option for those fleeing the Syrian conflict and for Israel’s relations with its north-eastern neighbour? Crystal Plotner 02 Dec 2014
524 Creative Commons FMR 47 For beneficiary-led protection programming in Jordan Despite the humanitarian community’s clear focus on addressing the protection concerns of displaced Syrians, in Jordan the beneficiaries of many protection programmes have had limited influence on the shape of the protection response to date. Sinead McGrath 02 Dec 2014
525 Creative Commons FMR 47 A duty and a burden on Jordan It is important to Jordan both that it protects its national identity and maintains its cultural obligations, and that it faces up to its humanitarian obligations. Saleh Al-Kilani 02 Dec 2014
526 Creative Commons FMR 47 Protection challenges of mobility It is easy to say that people fleeing Syria should stay in camps or satellite cities but people move on for a variety of reasons, and programmes and services must adapt to assist them. Melissa Phillips, Kathrine Starup 02 Dec 2014
527 Creative Commons FMR 47 Refugee by association Many Syrians, even when they have not been individually singled out, meet the refugee criteria on the grounds of being at risk of persecution because of a perceived association, in the broadest sense, with one of the parties to the conflict. Blanche Tax 02 Dec 2014
528 Creative Commons FMR 47 Limited legal status for refugees from Syria in Lebanon Having limited legal status has direct negative consequences for Syrian refugees’ access to protection and assistance during their stay in Lebanon. Limited legal status also increases the risks of abuse and exploitation. Dalia Aranki, Olivia Kalis 02 Dec 2014
529 Creative Commons FMR 47 Coping strategies among self-settled Syrians in Lebanon Refugees in Lebanon prefer living outside camps, where they can influence their situation. Cathrine Thorleifsson 02 Dec 2014
530 Creative Commons FMR 47 Refugee activists’ involvement in relief effort in Lebanon A cadre of educated middle-class Syrian refugees dedicated to improving conditions for Syrians at home and in Lebanon are building a civil society in exile but face obstacles to consolidating their presence and becoming more effective. Frances Topham Smallwood 02 Dec 2014
531 Creative Commons FMR 47 The role of host communities in north Lebanon Research conducted in Akkar, north Lebanon, suggests that the role played by the host community demonstrates good local capacity which should be built on to encourage further civic engagement and empowerment. Helen Mackreath 02 Dec 2014
532 Creative Commons FMR 47 Syrians contributing to Kurdish economic growth The circumstances for both successful livelihoods programming for refugees and for contributing to the local economy are present in the Kurdish region of Iraq. Anubha Sood, Louisa Seferis 02 Dec 2014
533 Creative Commons FMR 47 The refugee crisis in Lebanon and Jordan: the need for economic development spending The most effective way to tackle the Syrian refugee crisis is for neighbouring states to assume a leading role in development spending, infrastructure upgrading and job creation, particularly in the most underdeveloped regions of those countries. Omar Dahi 02 Dec 2014
534 Creative Commons FMR 47 Development and protection challenges of the Syrian refugee crisisf The Syria Regional Response Plan 6 (RRP6) 2014 provides an increased focus on early recovery, social cohesion interventions and a transition from assistance to development-led interventions, alongside the continuing large-scale humanitarian assistance. Roger Zetter, Heloise Ruaudel 02 Dec 2014
535 Creative Commons FMR 47 Foreword: the inheritance of loss As the civil war in Syria drags on, the scale of displacement continues to increase. While the crisis may be prolonged, refugees and IDPs need support now for their protection, their recovery, and both their immediate and their long-term prospects. Nigel Fisher 02 Dec 2014
536 Creative Commons FMR 47 From the Editors From the Editors Marion Couldrey, Maurice Herson 02 Dec 2014
537 Creative Commons FMR 46 Enhancing security of land tenure for IDPs The case of Maslakh in western Afghanistan is an example of translating Afghanistan’s new IDP Policy into reality. Shobha Rao, Jan Turkstra 11 Jun 2014
538 Creative Commons FMR 46 Anchoring return: the role of the Solutions Strategy Providing a minimum standard of living and livelihood opportunities to help anchor those who have returned is critical for the future stability and security of Afghanistan. Pierfrancesco Maria Natta 11 Jun 2014
539 Creative Commons FMR 46 An IDP Policy for Afghanistan: from draft to reality Developing a national policy to address the needs of Afghanistan’s IDPs was beset with obstacles and challenges. Laurie S Wiseberg 11 Jun 2014
540 Creative Commons FMR 46 Stateless in Afghanistan A group of people of nomadic lifestyle in eastern Afghanistan has reportedly recently been forcibly relocated because of their lack of identity documents. Maira Kuppers 11 Jun 2014
541 Creative Commons FMR 46 Continuing conflict, continuing displacement in southern Afghanistan With fighting and insecurity likely to remain dominant features of Afghanistan’s landscape in the immediate future, displacement will continue to ebb and flow. Rahmatullah Amiri 11 Jun 2014
542 Creative Commons FMR 46 2014 and beyond: implications for displacement 2014 marks a watershed for Afghanistan, with the withdrawal of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) after twelve years, and the very real risks this withdrawal poses to the capacity of the Afghan state. Aidan O’Leary 11 Jun 2014
543 Creative Commons FMR 46 From the editors From the editors Marion Couldrey, Maurice Herson 11 Jun 2014
544 Creative Commons FMR 45 Connecting and communicating after Typhoon Haiyan In the first month of the Typhoon Haiyan response, one of the priorities facing the international community was to re-establish internet connectivity in order to facilitate information sharing and the provision of assistance. Mariko Hall, Adam Ashcroft 07 Apr 2014
545 Creative Commons FMR 45 Internal displacement in Kenya: the quest for durable solutions Internal displacement in Kenya has been a challenge since the colonial era but only recently has a legal framework been developed to address IDP protection issues. Lucy Kiama, Fredrick Koome 07 Apr 2014
546 Creative Commons FMR 45 Dictatorships, refugees and reparation in the Southern Cone of Latin America Since the return of democracy to Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay there has been particular recognition of forced displacement within the framework of reparations for the abuses suffered under dictatorial governments. Juan Pablo Terminiello 07 Apr 2014
547 Creative Commons FMR 45 Perspectives of refugees on returning to Somalia MSF recently asked Somali refugees in Dadaab’s Dagahaley camp about their living conditions and their thoughts about returning to Somalia in the near future. Caroline Abu Sa’Da, Sergio Bianchi 07 Apr 2014
548 Creative Commons FMR 45 Opportunity to change Lebanon’s asylum policy Lebanon’s attitude towards the ‘Syrian exception’ can be used as the starting point for its policy to come into line with international refugee and human rights norms, standards and protection. Samira Trad 07 Apr 2014
549 Creative Commons FMR 45 Translating global education standards to local contexts Global standards such as the Education in Emergencies Minimum Standards need to be applied locally and this requires a thoughtful and committed contextualisation process. Carine Allaf, Tzvetomira Laub, Arianna Sloat 07 Apr 2014
550 Creative Commons FMR 45 The potential role of a racial discrimination law in Myanmar Ethnic discrimination has long fuelled violence and displacement within Myanmar, especially in relation to people of Rohingya ethnicity who have been fleeing in their ‘tens of thousands’ in 2013 alone. Nathan Willis 07 Apr 2014
551 Creative Commons FMR 45 New OAS Conventions protecting IDPs against racism and discrimination Two new Conventions approved in 2013 have the potential to offer greater protection to vulnerable groups, including IDPs, in the Americas. Maria Beatriz Nogueira 07 Apr 2014
552 Creative Commons FMR 45 The global governance of crisis migration There is no coherent or unified global governance framework for the different areas that have been subsumed under the umbrella of ‘crisis migration’. Alexander Betts 07 Apr 2014
553 Creative Commons FMR 45 Disaster risk reduction and mobility An essential step for advancing risk reduction measures at the local level is to define mobility-based indicators of vulnerability and resilience that can contribute to measuring and reducing human and economic losses resulting from disasters. Patrice Quesada 07 Apr 2014
554 Creative Commons FMR 45 On policies of hospitality and hostility in Argentina Following the Haiti earthquake of 2010, Argentina and other South American countries undertook to receive Haitians. Irene Duffard Evangelista 07 Apr 2014
555 Creative Commons FMR 45 Disaster Law The impetus for new disaster response laws lies in the gaps that exist in the scope and geographic coverage of existing international law. Stefanie Haumer 07 Apr 2014
556 Creative Commons FMR 45 Environmental stress, displacement and the challenge of rights protection Examination of migration histories and current politics in Kenya, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Ethiopia and Ghana sheds light on how rights are articulated for groups and individuals displaced in a context of environmental stress and climate change. Roger Zetter, James Morrissey 07 Apr 2014
557 Creative Commons FMR 45 Regionalism: a strategy for dealing with crisis migration Regional solutions are becoming a strategic tool in dealing with the lack of globally agreed protection for crisis migrants. Liliana Lyra Jubilut, Erika Pires Ramos 07 Apr 2014
558 Creative Commons FMR 45 Nuclear disasters and displacement The lessons of the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011 seem to be the same as those from Chernobyl 25 years earlier, despite the different political settings. Silva Meybatyan 07 Apr 2014
559 Creative Commons FMR 45 New Orleans: a lesson in post-disaster resilience Factors that foster social cohesion in communities – such as shared long-term networks and community identity, central organisation to which the community adheres, and established trust – have been identified as critical for post-disaster resilience. Paul Kadetz 07 Apr 2014
560 Creative Commons FMR 45 International cooperation on the North Korean refugee crisis The biggest challenge concerning North Korean refugees is that, as yet, there is no international framework for how to respond once these individuals have crossed the border. Markus Bell, Geoffrey Fattig 07 Apr 2014
561 Creative Commons FMR 45 Misconceptions about human trafficking in a time of crisis Both natural and man-made crises are considered by many to be prime environments for trafficking in persons. However, the evidence for this is thin. Elżbieta M Goździak, Alissa Walter 07 Apr 2014
562 Creative Commons FMR 45 The rise of trapped populations As border security increases and borders become less permeable, cross-border migration is becoming increasingly difficult, selective and dangerous. April T Humble 07 Apr 2014
563 Creative Commons FMR 45 Populations ‘trapped’ at times of crisis A focus on those who are trapped challenges both theoretical and practical approaches to mobility and crisis, which prioritise movement. Richard Black, Michael Collyer 07 Apr 2014
564 Creative Commons FMR 45 The challenge of mixed migration by sea While ‘boat people’ are often fleeing a situation of crisis, they share their mode of travel with many types of migrants. Judith Kumin 07 Apr 2014
565 Creative Commons FMR 45 Forcing migration of globalised citizens Today’s constant flows of persons and information across frontiers mean that, when an emergency occurs, the international community feels it has to get involved not only out of solidarity but because its citizens could be in danger. Oscar A Gómez 07 Apr 2014
566 Creative Commons FMR 45 Aspects of crisis migration in Algeria Movements of migrants are only partially covered by international instruments and while the Algerian authorities certainly have opportunities to protect this stream of people, no agreements (bilateral or multilateral) are in force to do so. Mohamed Saïb Musette 07 Apr 2014
567 Creative Commons FMR 45 Humanitarian border management Humanitarian border management is one of the tools that can supplement the humanitarian response for migrants caught in a crisis situation. Maximilian Pottler 07 Apr 2014
568 Creative Commons FMR 45 Non-citizens caught up in situations of conflict, violence and disaster When non-citizens are caught up in humanitarian crises, they can be as vulnerable to displacement, and suffer its consequences as acutely, as citizens. Khalid Koser 07 Apr 2014
569 Creative Commons FMR 45 Questioning ‘drought displacement’: environment, politics and migration in Somalia The role of the recent drought in producing migration cannot be understood in isolation from human practices and past and concurrent political processes. Anna Lindley 07 Apr 2014
570 Creative Commons FMR 45 Health crises and migration Individual and collective responses to health crises contribute to an orderly public health response that most times precludes the need for large-scale displacements. Michael Edelstein, David Heymann, Khalid Koser 07 Apr 2014
571 Creative Commons FMR 45 Rising waters, displaced lives Although Pakistan and Colombia have relatively advanced disaster management frameworks, they were unprepared and ill-equipped to assist and protect people displaced by recent floods. Lindsey Brickle, Alice Thomas 07 Apr 2014
572 Creative Commons FMR 45 Mexico: from the Guiding Principles to national responsibilities on the rights of IDPs The Mexican government needs facts and figures on internal displacement and then to mobilise national institutions to design appropriate responses. Fernando Batista Jiménez 07 Apr 2014
573 Creative Commons FMR 45 Mexicans seeking political asylum Banding together in response to a situation of this seriousness gives people strength and confidence, and provides emotional, social and – above all – legal and political support. Leticia Calderón Chelius 07 Apr 2014
574 Creative Commons FMR 45 Criminal violence and displacement in Mexico Rampant criminal violence, from direct coercion and physical threats to the erosion of the quality of life and livelihood opportunities, pushes people to move in a variety of ways. Sebastián Albuja 07 Apr 2014
575 Creative Commons FMR 45 Adolescence, food crisis and migration Adolescents who migrate because of food crises face distinct risks. Specific strategies are needed to prevent and respond to this phenomenon. Janis Ridsdel 07 Apr 2014
576 Creative Commons FMR 45 Resettlement in the twenty-first century Deficiencies in planning, preparation and implementation of involuntary resettlement and relocation projects have produced far more failures than successes. Anthony Oliver-Smith, Alex de Sherbinin 07 Apr 2014
577 Creative Commons FMR 45 Illegal migration in the Indian Sunderbans It is expected that due to sea-level rises in the future many millions of Bangladeshis will flee to India, exacerbating further the ongoing disputes between India and Bangladesh. Sahana Bose 28 Mar 2014
578 Creative Commons FMR 45 Migrants on offshore islands of Bangladesh Riverbank erosion and the consequent formation of new islands in the Bay of Bengal cause frequent changes in the shape and size of the delta, forcing the inhabitants to migrate frequently. Rezwan Siddiqui 28 Mar 2014
579 Creative Commons FMR 45 Choice and necessity: relocations in the Arctic and South Pacific Relocation – whereby livelihoods, housing and public infrastructure are reconstructed in another location – may be the best adaptation response for communities whose current location becomes uninhabitable or is vulnerable to future climate-induced threats Robin Bronen 28 Mar 2014
580 Creative Commons FMR 45 Flight to the cities The conditions from which most crisis migrants have fled — threats to life, health, physical safety and/or subsistence — are likely to be reproduced in some form in their urban destinations, at least in part due to their presence there. Patricia Weiss Fagen 28 Mar 2014
581 Creative Commons FMR 45 Lessons from the development of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement filled a major gap in the international protection system for uprooted people. Roberta Cohen 28 Mar 2014
582 Creative Commons FMR 45 The concept of crisis migration Crisis migration needs to be understood in terms of 'tipping points', which are triggered not just by events but also by underlying structural processes. Jane McAdam 28 Mar 2014
583 Creative Commons FMR 45 What is crisis migration? Movements precipitated by humanitarian crises have implications that touch upon immigration control and national interests, human rights, humanitarian and development principles, and frameworks for international protection, cooperation and burden sharing. Susan Martin, Sanjula Weerasinghe, Abbie Taylor 28 Mar 2014
584 Creative Commons FMR 45 Foreword on migrants in crisis When it comes to protecting migrants' well-being and rights, smart practices abound. There are many practices that can and should become global standards. Peter D Sutherland 28 Mar 2014
585 Creative Commons FMR 45 From the Editors From the editors. Marion Couldrey, Maurice Herson 28 Mar 2014
586 Creative Commons FMR 44 Freedom of movement of Afghan refugees in Iran Although legally justifiable, increasing restrictions on movement and work for refugees in Iran have detrimental effects for the refugees. Farshid Farzin, Safinaz Jadali 04 Oct 2013
587 Creative Commons FMR 44 Insights from the refugee response in Cameroon The integration of Central African refugees into existing Cameroonian communities has had far-reaching development impacts on the region and the state as a whole. Angela Butel 04 Oct 2013
588 Creative Commons FMR 44 UNHCR in Uganda: better than its reputation suggests Mistrust and fear abound among Rwandan refugees in Uganda. The dearth of information available about cessation urgently needs to be addressed by UNHCR. Will Jones 04 Oct 2013
589 Creative Commons FMR 44 Post-deportation monitoring: why, how and by whom? The monitoring of refused asylum seekers post-deportation is critical to effective protection. Leana Podeszfa, Friederike Vetter 04 Oct 2013
590 Creative Commons FMR 44 Deportation of South Sudanese from Israel Israel's aggressive campaign of arrest and deportation of South Sudanese asylum seekers contravenes the principle of non-refoulement and international standards for voluntary, dignified return. Laurie Lijnders 04 Oct 2013
591 Creative Commons FMR 44 Assisted voluntary return schemes While AVR is clearly preferable to deportation, NGOs and academics alike have criticised these schemes for being misleadingly labelled and lacking genuine voluntariness. Anne Koch 04 Oct 2013
592 Creative Commons FMR 44 Shortcomings in assistance for deported Afghan youth Programmes to assist deported Afghan youth to reintegrate on their return are failing miserably. There needs to be much greater awareness of what it is like for them when they return, and of good practice in implementing such programmes. Nassim Majidi 04 Oct 2013
593 Creative Commons FMR 44 No longer a child: from the UK to Afghanistan Young Afghans forced to return to Kabul having spent formative years in the UK encounter particular risks and lack any tailored support on their return. Catherine Gladwell 04 Oct 2013
594 Creative Commons FMR 44 State reluctance to use alternatives to detention States continue to show a marked reluctance to implement alternatives to immigration detention. The reason for this may well be because such alternatives ignore the disciplinary function of detention by which states coerce people into cooperation. Clément de Senarclens 04 Oct 2013
595 Creative Commons FMR 44 Questions over alternatives to detention programmes Alternative to detention programmes may be less restrictive and less expensive than formal detention but they may still have drawbacks. The provision of competent legal advice appears to be key to low rates of absconding. Stephanie J Silverman 04 Oct 2013
596 Creative Commons FMR 44 Flawed assessment process leads to under-use of alternatives in Sweden Sweden is often held up as following 'best practice' in legislation with regard to detention and alternatives to detention but research by the Swedish Red Cross highlights a number of flaws. Maite Zamacona 03 Oct 2013
597 Creative Commons FMR 44 Community detention in Australia: a more humane way forward A group of Australian advocates lobbied successfully for the implementation of community detention as a viable, humane alternative, giving asylum seekers an opportunity to engage in a more meaningful existence. Catherine Marshall, Suma Pillai, Louise Stack 03 Oct 2013
598 Creative Commons FMR 44 Alternatives to detention: open family units in Belgium Preliminary outcomes of an alternative to detention programme in Belgium, based on case management and individual 'coaches' for families, are positive and merit consideration by other countries. Liesbeth Schockaert 03 Oct 2013
599 Creative Commons FMR 44 New models for alternatives to detention in the US While there is growing recognition of the value of community-based alternatives to detention in the US, shortfalls in funding and political will are hindering implementation of improved services and best practice. Megan Bremer, Kimberly Haynes, Nicholas Kang, Michael D Lynch 03 Oct 2013
600 Creative Commons FMR 44 Alternatives to detention in the UK: from enforcement to engagement? The UK detains migrants on a large scale, and has had limited success in developing alternatives. The British experience highlights the need for a cultural shift towards engagement with migrants in place of reliance on enforcement. Jerome Phelps 03 Oct 2013