Piotr Schulkes, Adam Abdallah, and Kalyani Nedungadi discuss non-official ways in expressing dissent, comparing Morocco, Turkey, Egypt, and Palestine.
Graffiti, music, and football ultras: expressing dissent in MENA (Middle East and North Africa)
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They highlight the role of music and graffiti, and the unique position football ultras have in MENA culture.
Oxford Unit: